21. A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is expected to present with which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results?
Answer: b) pH 7.25, PCO₂ 30 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 15 mEq/L
Explanation: Diabetic ketoacidosis leads to metabolic acidosis, characterized by a low pH, low bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and compensatory low PCO₂ due to hyperventilation (Kussmaul breathing).
22. Which of the following factors would most likely cause respiratory alkalosis?
Answer: a) Anxiety-induced hyperventilation
Explanation: Anxiety can cause hyperventilation, leading to excessive exhalation of CO₂, which decreases carbonic acid levels and increases blood pH, resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
23. What is the significance of the anion gap in the evaluation of metabolic acidosis?
Answer: b) It helps identify the presence of unmeasured anions in metabolic acidosis
Explanation: The anion gap is calculated using the formula: Anion Gap = [Na⁺] - ([Cl⁻] + [HCO₃⁻]). A high anion gap suggests the presence of unmeasured anions, often due to conditions like lactic acidosis or ketoacidosis.
24. In which of the following conditions would you expect to find a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Answer: c) Diarrhea
Explanation: Diarrhea leads to the loss of bicarbonate from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. The anion gap remains normal because there is no accumulation of unmeasured anions.
25. What role do the kidneys play in compensating for respiratory acidosis?
Answer: b) They retain more bicarbonate
Explanation: In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate, which helps buffer the excess hydrogen ions and normalize blood pH.
26. In which of the following scenarios is metabolic alkalosis most likely to occur?
Answer: c) Prolonged use of loop diuretics
Explanation: Loop diuretics increase the excretion of chloride and potassium, leading to a relative increase in bicarbonate concentration and resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
27. Which of the following is true regarding the role of hemoglobin in acid-base balance?
Answer: c) Hemoglobin acts as a buffer by binding to hydrogen ions
Explanation: Hemoglobin buffers blood pH by binding to hydrogen ions. When hemoglobin releases oxygen to tissues, it can pick up hydrogen ions, helping to prevent acidosis.
28. Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to a decreased serum bicarbonate concentration?
Answer: c) Renal tubular acidosis
Explanation: Renal tubular acidosis involves the kidneys' inability to reabsorb bicarbonate or excrete hydrogen ions, leading to decreased serum bicarbonate levels and resulting in metabolic acidosis.
29. What is the expected compensatory mechanism in response to chronic metabolic acidosis?
Answer: a) Hyperventilation
Explanation: In metabolic acidosis, the body compensates by increasing the respiratory rate (hyperventilation) to expel more CO₂, reducing hydrogen ion concentration and partially correcting the acidosis.
30. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the effect of hypokalemia on acid-base balance?
Answer: b) Hypokalemia leads to intracellular acidosis due to hydrogen ion exchange
Explanation: In hypokalemia, potassium moves out of cells, and hydrogen ions move into cells to maintain electrical neutrality, leading to intracellular acidosis. This can result in metabolic alkalosis as the kidneys retain bicarbonate.
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 1
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 2
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 3
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 4
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 5
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