11. Which of the following is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
Answer: b) Hypoventilation
Explanation: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of CO₂ in the blood due to reduced ventilation (hypoventilation). This leads to an increase in carbonic acid and a subsequent decrease in blood pH.
12. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
Answer: c) Chronic kidney disease
Explanation: Chronic kidney disease impairs the kidneys' ability to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, leading to the accumulation of acids in the blood, which results in metabolic acidosis.
13. How does the body primarily compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
Answer: c) Decreased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
Explanation: In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys compensate by reducing bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of bicarbonate. This helps to lower the pH back toward normal.
14. Which of the following lab findings would you expect in a patient with uncompensated metabolic acidosis?
Answer: b) pH 7.32, PCO₂ 35 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L
Explanation: In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, the pH is low (7.32), bicarbonate is decreased (18 mEq/L), and PCO₂ is normal or slightly low as the respiratory system has not yet compensated by increasing ventilation.
15. What is the expected arterial blood gas (ABG) pattern in a patient with partially compensated metabolic alkalosis?
Answer: a) Normal pH, high PCO₂, high HCO₃⁻
Explanation: In partially compensated metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys retain bicarbonate (high HCO₃⁻), and the respiratory system compensates by hypoventilating, leading to an increased PCO₂. The pH remains within normal limits or slightly elevated.
16. Which condition is most likely to result in an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Answer: a) Salicylate poisoning
Explanation: An increased anion gap metabolic acidosis is often caused by the accumulation of organic acids, as seen in salicylate poisoning, diabetic ketoacidosis, or lactic acidosis. These conditions lead to a higher difference between measured cations and anions.
17. In respiratory alkalosis, what compensatory mechanism is primarily responsible for correcting the pH?
Answer: a) Increased renal excretion of bicarbonate
Explanation: In respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys compensate by excreting more bicarbonate to decrease the blood pH. This helps counterbalance the excessive loss of CO₂ due to hyperventilation.
18. What happens to the potassium levels in the blood during acute acidosis?
Answer: b) Increase in potassium due to extracellular shift
Explanation: In acute acidosis, hydrogen ions enter cells in exchange for potassium ions, leading to hyperkalemia (increased potassium levels) in the blood.
19. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of respiratory acidosis?
Answer: b) Increased bicarbonate levels
Explanation: In chronic respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing bicarbonate reabsorption to buffer the excess hydrogen ions, leading to elevated bicarbonate levels in the blood.
20. Which of the following is the most likely effect of chronic hypercapnia on acid-base balance?
Answer: a) Compensated respiratory acidosis with normal pH
Explanation: Chronic hypercapnia, often due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leads to respiratory acidosis. Over time, the kidneys compensate by retaining bicarbonate, which normalizes the pH despite elevated CO₂ levels.
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 1
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 2
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 3
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 4
50 Analytical Multiple Choice Questions on Acid Base Balance with Explanation- Part 5
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